Отодектоз у кошек – симптомы и лечение
Отодектоз – это паразитарное заболевание, которое возникает вследствие паразитирования в слуховом проходе плотоядных животных микроскопических клещей – отодексов (ушных клещей). Заболевание чаще наблюдается у котов, куниц, хорьков, в редких случаях – собак и характеризуется поражением внутренней поверхности уха. Основными признаками является образование корочек и нагноений с неприятным запахом. В осложненных случаях может возникать менингит или септическое состояние.
Заражение отодектозом происходит путем контакта с больным животным или же во время использования предметов ухода. Чаще всего, непосредственными носителями и распространителями паразитов являются дикие и бродячие животные, которые в той или иной степени контактируют с домашними животными.
Отодектоз не имеет выраженной сезонности. Это заболевание безопасно для человека, так как отодексы, как и блохи не паразитируют на людях. Правда, клещи могут вызвать аллергическую реакцию организма на укусы, которая в свою очередь исчезает после лечения животного.
Возникновение заболевания возникает после того, как паразиты попадают в ушную раковину, где в свою очередь начинают питаться кожным эпителием. Своими лапками с присосками и хоботком, паразиты вызывают раздражение нервных окончаний, которое провоцирует сильный зуд. Вследствие раздражения возникает воспалительный процесс, который может осложняться действием вторичной инфекции, в частности отитом наружного или среднего уха. В исключительно редких случаях заболевание протекает бессимптомно.
Основным характерным признаком заболевания, которое должно привлечь внимание владельца, является наличие нетипичного содержания в ушах любимца. Нормой считается выделение от бледно-желтого до светло-коричневого цвета, а во время заболевания содержание может быть как сухим так и влажным с изменением цвета вплоть до черного.
Симптомы отодектоза
Заболевание имеет три основные клинические формы, симптоматика которых различается по степени поражения, возраста животного и наличием сопутствующих заболеваний. Типичная форма встречается у всех видов плотоядных животных в независимости от возраста и физиологического состояния.
Она характеризуется такими симптомами:
ссадины и раны на голове, особенно вокруг ушей, расчесы;
появление серьезного экссудата, который со временем превращается в гнойный экссудат;
слуховой проход покрыт темными корками;
возможное ослабление слуха;
животное часто трется ушами о разные предметы и часто трясет головой.
Атипичная форма чаще всего встречается у котят и щенков в возрасте до четырех месяцев.
Основные симптомы:
тряска головой;
судороги;
резкая гибель.
Осложненная форма чаще всего возникает, если заболевание было выявлено своевременно, и характеризуется:
нагноением с последующим выделением из ушной раковины гнойного или ихорозного экссудата;
возможной перфорацией барабанной перепонки;
образованием абсцессов:
у кошек часто может наблюдаться воспаление оболочек мозга.
Диагностика отодектоза
В большинстве случаев для установления диагноза достаточно осмотра, сбора анамнеза и клинических признаков, однако иногда симптоматика не является четкой из-за других патологий, которые вызваны: демодекозом, блошиным дерматитом, трихофитией, микроспорией и рядом других болезней, имеющих сходную симптоматику. В таких случаях применяют лабораторный метод исследования, базирующийся на микроскопических соскобах с внутренней поверхности уха и содержимого слухового прохода для выявления паразитов.
Лечение отодектоза
Лечить отодектоз нужно комплексно, поэтому кроме препаратов местного действия следует применять иммуностимуляторы и витаминные препараты. Перед нанесением препаратов местного действия необходимо очистить ушной проход от ушного секрета. Терапевтический курс проводят трижды, с интервалом 5-7 дней. Для лечения используют акарицидные препараты, которые выпускаются в разных формах.
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